Review Day

The 3 first settlers of Rome were:
-the Etruscans
-the Latins, who took over the Tiber River and the 7 hills
-the Greeks, who ruled the Mediterranean Sea

Tarquin was the 7th and final king of Rome, after he did awful things. The final straw was when his son raped a well known older women and caused her to commit suicide.

After Tarquin was thrown out, they set up a new type of government, which was a mix of a democracy, an aristocracy, and a monarchy.

Res publica, a latin term meaning the peoples affairs. Is where we get the word republican.

SPQR- Senatus Populusque Romanum

Rome and the United States have similar governments.
- Both have 3 branches
       - Executive: President and VP are similar to Romes 2 consuls, both had a period of term, and both have some veto power
       - Judicial: 9 members so we have no ties, both have similar forms of written out laws, the 12 tables and the Bill of Rights (10 Amendments)
       -Legislative: Senate (Romes 300 vs the U.S. 100), Romes assemblies resemble our House of Reps.
               2 senators for every US state, H.O.R. members depend on the size of state.
Maryland has 8 HOR members

5000 soldiers- a legion
80 soldiers- a century

3 Punic Wars fought by Rome and Carthage:
     1- over Sicily, Rome wins
     2- Carthage again tries a different strategy to gain control of Sicily with Hannibal, Rome wins
     3- Rome invades Carthage and ends them for good

After the 3rd Punic War, there were many slaves

Latifundia- where rich people would buy the poor farmland and create huge lands called this

Because so many middle class people were unhappy, they distracted them with bread and circuses

Julius Caesar- A powerful individual, very successful general, crossed the rubicon even when told not to

First Triumvirate- Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
        Caesar over takes the triumvirate and becomes dictator, is eventually killed
"Sic semper tyrannis" (Thus always to tyrants)

The (son-ish) of Caesar, Octavian takes over with a new triumvirate but follows in Caesars footsteps and again becomes an individual.

Octavian becomes Augustus and is Romes emperor, led to an era of 4 empires:

-Tiberius: didn't want to be emperor, took over bc he was related
-Caligula: insane tyrant, was overthrown after 4 years
-Cladius: Suffered infirmities, took over bc he was the last male in the family, his wife ends up killing him so her son can be in power
-Nero: son of Cladius, Rome burns and he does a bad job repairing it